Epidural lipomatosis is a very rare condition that involves narrowing of the spinal canal with the growth of encapsulated adipose tissue. Most often it concerns the thoracic spine, less often the lumbar, the least cervical spine. This condition can be the cause of chronic back pain, sciatica, sphincter disturbance and neurogenic claudication. Chronic back pain usually precedes other symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard in the diagnosis of the disease. Fat layer thickness greater than 7 mm is the criterion for diagnosis of epidural lipomatosis of the spinal canal. The basis of treatment is the correct diet, control of metabolic diseases and less often surgical intervention.