Introduction:
Postoperative infections are among the most common complications after many surgical procedures, especially after gynaecological surgeries.

Aim of the research:
The evaluation of risk factors and the epidemiological pattern of nosocomial infection after gynaecological surgery.

Material and methods:
In a descriptive epidemiological hospital-based study, all patients who had reported at Imam Khomeini Hospital Infection Control Unit after Gynaecological Surgery from the beginning of April 2011 to the end of March 2016 were included in the study. Then, the demographic information and details about infections were extracted from the patient’s records and recorded in the pre-determined checklists and analysed by SPSS version 22 software.

Results and conclusions:
The average age of the patients was 30.59 ±9.52 years, and 11.6% of patients had diabetes, 7.1% had hypertension, and 81.3% had no underlying disease. The type of surgery performed in 78.8% of patients was caesarean section, 11.1% hysterectomy, 2% laparotomy, 4% episiotomy, and 4% other surgical procedures. 22.2% of the patients underwent the surgery in the elective state and 77.8% in the emergency condition, and Escherichia coli were more frequent than other microorganisms. Patients within the age range 25 to 35 years undergoing caesarean section in the emergency situation in winter and having diabetes were more susceptible to postoperative infections than others, and Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism in these patients.