Factors influencing in-hospital outcome and mortality in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage – data from the Pomeranian Stroke Register
1
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Poland
2
Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit in Sandomierz, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
3
Regional Hospital in Kielce, Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Kielce, Poland
4
Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Saint Lukas Hospital in Końskie, Końskie, Poland
5
Centre of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland,
6
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-05-05
Final revision date: 2025-06-29
Acceptance date: 2025-07-13
Online publication date: 2026-09-18
Corresponding author
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a critical disease usually leading to severe disability or death. The management of patients with ICH is still a serious challenge for medical services.
Aim of the research:
The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing in-hospital outcome and mortality in patients with ICH.
Material and methods:
An observational, retrospective study included 8790 patients with acute stroke, including 813 patients with ICH, who had been hospitalised in the stroke units and consequently reported to the Pomeranian Stroke Register (PRUM) in the period 2009–2013.
Results and conclusions:
Factors that affected unfavourable outcome (mRS 3-5) of patients with ICH were as follows: unknown time of ICH onset (p = 0.019); living in a rural area (p = 0.019); motor deficiency (p < 0.001); and high NIHSS score on admission to hospital (median 11 (7–16), p < 0.001). Factors that caused higher in-hospital mortality were as follows: unknown time of ICH onset (p = 0.001); living in a rural area (p = 0.023); age over 80 years (p = 0.029); atrial fibrillation (p = 0.006); disturbance of consciousness (p < 0.001); and severe neurological condition on admission to hospital according to the NIHSS (median 19 (13–23), p < 0.001). Professional activity (p = 0.01) had a favourable impact on the functional outcome. Dyslipidaemia (p = 0.001) and preliminary diagnosis of cerebral stroke (p = 0.037) were factors that decreased the in-hospital mortality rate.
Conclusions:
The in-hospital prognosis and mortality of patients with ICH depend on the place of residence, which is associated with the possibility of rapid delivery to the Stroke Unit, the severity of the neurological condition, and the coexistence of serious comorbidities.
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a critical disease usually leading to severe disability or death. The management of patients with ICH is still a serious challenge for medical services.
Aim of the research:
The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing in-hospital outcome and mortality in patients with ICH.
Material and methods:
An observational, retrospective study included 8790 patients with acute stroke, including 813 patients with ICH, who had been hospitalised in the stroke units and consequently reported to the Pomeranian Stroke Register (PRUM) in the period 2009–2013.
Results and conclusions:
Factors that affected unfavourable outcome (mRS 3-5) of patients with ICH were as follows: unknown time of ICH onset (p = 0.019); living in a rural area (p = 0.019); motor deficiency (p < 0.001); and high NIHSS score on admission to hospital (median 11 (7–16), p < 0.001). Factors that caused higher in-hospital mortality were as follows: unknown time of ICH onset (p = 0.001); living in a rural area (p = 0.023); age over 80 years (p = 0.029); atrial fibrillation (p = 0.006); disturbance of consciousness (p < 0.001); and severe neurological condition on admission to hospital according to the NIHSS (median 19 (13–23), p < 0.001). Professional activity (p = 0.01) had a favourable impact on the functional outcome. Dyslipidaemia (p = 0.001) and preliminary diagnosis of cerebral stroke (p = 0.037) were factors that decreased the in-hospital mortality rate.
Conclusions:
The in-hospital prognosis and mortality of patients with ICH depend on the place of residence, which is associated with the possibility of rapid delivery to the Stroke Unit, the severity of the neurological condition, and the coexistence of serious comorbidities.
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