Vaccinations, especially related to COVID-19, but also to influenza, have caused the number of vaccination procedures to increase dramatically. An incorrectly selected injection site or incorrect depth of injection into the deltoid muscle area can lead to both complications from the musculoskeletal system due to the vaccination being administered to nearby structures, and a decrease in the effectiveness of the vaccination. Vaccination into the deltoid muscle area may be accompanied by orthopaedic complications; they are rare, although the number of these complications increases with the number of vaccinated patients. A review of the literature on orthopaedic complications after vaccination was conducted, dividing them into two groups – shoulder injury after vaccination and damage to the axillary nerve.