ORIGINAL PAPER
The foot’s key structural variables as essential diagnostic predictors
in assessing overall postural stability in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study
1
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland Head of the Collegium: Prof. Marianna Janion MD, PhD
2
Rehabilitation Clinic, Provincial General Hospital, Kielce, Poland
Submission date: 2022-08-04
Final revision date: 2022-10-10
Acceptance date: 2022-11-08
Publication date: 2022-12-16
Medical Studies 2022;38(4):321-329
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2018) on the health status of adolescents in Europe highlights an escalation of factors instrumental in the development of postural defects, which may consequently deteriorate into serious postural complaints in adulthood.
Aim of the research:
To investigate the correlations between the morphological structure of the foot and postural stability in children and adolescents.
Material and methods:
The study sample comprised 627 children (aged 10–15 years), who had the plantar part of their feet assessed in static conditions with a 2D Podoscan. Individual foot loading paradigm variables were assessed with a baropodometric platform. Postural assessment was completed with 2D Videography, facilitating morphological measurements of body asymmetry.
Results:
Valgus of the knees, Clarke’s left foot angle, and Wejsflog index values also doubled as strong predictors of centre of the foot’s pressure (COP) length. A negative correlation was established between the COP length and obesity, hallux valgus of the left foot, flat-footedness, and lowered longitudinal foot arches.
Conclusions:
Higher COP surface area values were observed in the children affected by valgus of the knees, higher angle of the hallux valgus in the left foot, and those with longer feet. Clarke’s L-foot angle, Wejsflog index, and valgus of the knees proved to be strong predictors affecting key postural stability variables.
The WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2018) on the health status of adolescents in Europe highlights an escalation of factors instrumental in the development of postural defects, which may consequently deteriorate into serious postural complaints in adulthood.
Aim of the research:
To investigate the correlations between the morphological structure of the foot and postural stability in children and adolescents.
Material and methods:
The study sample comprised 627 children (aged 10–15 years), who had the plantar part of their feet assessed in static conditions with a 2D Podoscan. Individual foot loading paradigm variables were assessed with a baropodometric platform. Postural assessment was completed with 2D Videography, facilitating morphological measurements of body asymmetry.
Results:
Valgus of the knees, Clarke’s left foot angle, and Wejsflog index values also doubled as strong predictors of centre of the foot’s pressure (COP) length. A negative correlation was established between the COP length and obesity, hallux valgus of the left foot, flat-footedness, and lowered longitudinal foot arches.
Conclusions:
Higher COP surface area values were observed in the children affected by valgus of the knees, higher angle of the hallux valgus in the left foot, and those with longer feet. Clarke’s L-foot angle, Wejsflog index, and valgus of the knees proved to be strong predictors affecting key postural stability variables.
REFERENCES (34)
1.
Inchley J, Currie D, Young T, Samdal O, Torsheim T, Augustson L, Mathison F, Aleman-Diaz, Molcho M, Weber M, Barnekow V. Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being. Health Behaviour In School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study: International report from the 2013/2014 survey. World Health Organization 2016.
2.
Jastrzębski P, Kaczor T, Żłobiński T, Stolecka-Warzecha A, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. Metatarsalgia as osteoarticular cause of foot dysfunction. Ann Acad Med Siles 2019; 73: 134-143.
3.
Szczepanowska-Wołowiec B, Sztandera P, Kotela I, Zak M. Feet deformities and their close association with postural stability deficits in children aged 10-15 years. BMC Musculoskel Disord 2019; 20: 537.
4.
Mun KR, Chun S, Hong J, Kim J. The relationship between foot feature parameters and postural stability in healthy subjects. Hum Factors 2019; 61: 1077-1085.
5.
McKeon PO, Hertel J, Bramble D, Davis I. The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function. Rev Br J Sports Med 2015; 49: 290.
6.
Viseux F, Lemaire A, Barbier F, Charpentier P, Leteneur S, Villeneuve P. How can the stimulation of plantar cutaneous receptors improve postural control? Review and clinical commentary. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 49: 263-268.
7.
Cen X, Xu D, Baker JS, Gu Y. Effect of additional body weight on arch index and dynamic plantar pressure distribution during walking and gait termination. Peer J 2020; 21: e8998.
8.
Hollander K, de Villiers JE, Sehner S, Wegscheider K, Braumann KM, Venter R, Zech A. Growing-up (habitually) barefoot influences the development of foot and arch morphology in children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 8079.
9.
Barisch-Fritz B, Mauch M. Foot development in childhood and adolescence. In: Handbook of Footwear Design and Manufacture. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles 2013; 49-71.
10.
Mei Q, Gu Y, Xiang L, Yu P. Foot shape and plantar pressure relationships in shod and barefoot populations. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19: 1211-1224.
11.
De Araújo PP, De Moura Filho OF, Valenti VE, Gallo SM, Camargo MR, Say KG, Marcomini RS, de Oliveira G, Monteiro CB, Wajnsztejn R, de Abreu LC. Stabilometric parameters analysis in children with visual disorder. Int Arch Med 2014; 7: 1.
12.
Szczepanowska-Wołowiec B, Sztandera P, Kotela I, Zak M. Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 12360.
13.
Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Bujas P, Omorczyk J, Jandzis S, Zak M. Feet deformities are correlated with impaired balance and postural stability in seniors over 75. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0183227.
14.
Bookstein FL, Domjanic J. The principal components of adult female insole shape align closely with two of its classic indicators. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0133303.
15.
Feka K, Brusa J, Cannata R, Giustino V, Bianco A, Gja- ka M, Iovane A, Palma A, Messina G. Is bodyweight affecting plantar pressure distribution in children? An observational study. Medicine 2020; 99: e21968.
16.
Petersen E, Zech A, Hamacher D. Walking barefoot vs. with minimalist footwear – influence on gait in younger and older adults. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20: 88.
17.
McRitchie M, Branthwaite H, Chockalingam N. Footwear choices for painful feet – an observational study exploring footwear and foot problems in women. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11: 23.
18.
Wilczyński J, Bieniek K, Margiel K, Sobolewski P, Wilczyński I, Zieliński R. Correlations between variables of posture and postural stability in children. Medical Studies 2022; 38: 6-13.
19.
Woźniacka R, Oleksy Ł, Jankowicz-Szymańska A, Mika A, Kielnar R, Stolarczyk A. The association between high-arched feet, plantar pressure distribution and body posture in young women. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 17187.
20.
Kudo S, Sakamoto K, Shirakawa T. Comparison of foot kinematics and the morphology of intrinsic musculature of the foot using a foot-type classification based on function. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32: 238-242.
21.
Deleu PA, Chèze L, Dumas R, Besse JL, Leemrijse T, Bevernage BD, Birch I, Naaim A. Intrinsic foot joints adapt a stabilized-resistive configuration during the stance phase. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13: 13.
22.
Brzeziński M, Czubek Z, Niedzielska A, Jankowski M, Kobus T, Ossowski Z. Relationship between lower-extremity defects and body mass among polish children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20: 84.
23.
Pita-Fernández S, González-Martín C, Seoane-Pillado T, López-Calviño B, Pértega-Díaz S, Gil-Guillén V. Validity of footprint analysis to determine flatfoot using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard in a random sample aged 40 years and older. J Epidemiol 2015; 25: 148-154.
24.
Puszczałowska-Lizis E, Ciosek J. Foot shape and its relationship with somatic characteristics in pre-school children. Medical Studies 2017; 33: 214-221.
25.
Kim JA, Lim OB, Yi CH. Difference in static and dynamic stability between flexible flatfeet and neutral feet. Gait Posture 2015; 41: 546-550.
26.
Tahmasebi R, Karimi MT, Satvati B, Fatoye F. Evaluation of standing stability in individuals with flatfeet. Foot Ankle Spec 2015; 8: 168-174.
27.
Chao TC, Jiang BC. A comparison of postural stability during upright standing between normal and flatfooted individuals, based on COP-Based measures. Entropy 2017; 19: 76.
28.
Birinci T, Demirbas SB. Relationship between the mobility of medial longitudinal arch and postural control. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2017; 51: 233-237.
29.
Wilczyński J, Paprocki M. Correlations between foot defects and balance reactions among young school-children. Medical Studies 2020; 36: 265-272.
30.
Puszczałowska-Lizis E, Omorczyk J, Bujas P, Nosiadek L. Relations between morphological features of feet in elderly people. Medical Studies 2018; 34: 57-63.
31.
Cattaneo D, Coote S, Rasova K, Gervasoni E, Groppo E, Prokopiusova T, Reznickova J, Montesano A, Jonsdottir J. Factors influencing balance improvement in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: a pragmatic multicentric trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 63: 93-98.
32.
Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Dabrowiecki D, Jandzis S, Zak M. Foot deformities in women are associated with wearing high-heeled shoes. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 7746-7754.
33.
Zhong D, Xiao Q, Xiao X, Li Y, Ye J, Xia L, Zhang C, Li J, Zheng H, Jin R. Tai Chi for improving balance and reducing falls: an overview of 14 systematic reviews. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 63: 505-517.
34.
Wilczyński J, Habik N, Paprocki M, Rychter P, Wilczyń- ski I, Dworakowska D. Scoliosis compensation and postural responses in school girls. J Educ Health Sport 2017; 7: 218-232.
| eISSN: | 2300-6722 |
| ISSN: | 1899-1874 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
