REVIEW PAPER
AAI – the forgotten pacing mode
1
2nd Department of Cardiology, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce, Poland
2
Department of Internal Diseases, Cardiology and Medicine Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Submission date: 2017-03-09
Final revision date: 2017-03-21
Acceptance date: 2017-03-27
Publication date: 2017-03-31
Medical Studies 2017;33(1):63-66
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
For a long time the AAI pacing mode was commonly used in patients with sick sinus syndrome, who were treated with pacemaker. After the guideline recommendations were updated in 2013 the AAI mode was displaced by the DDDR mode, especially with atrioventricular delay management. The most important argument for this change was the risk of the development of advanced atrioventricular block in long-term observation. This situation may require changing the pacing mode to DDD and implanting a ventricular lead. However, the AAI pacing mode has many forgotten advantages and it could still be successfully used in well selected patients with sick sinus syndrome.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Thuesen L, Mortensen PT, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK. Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1997, 350: 1210-6.
2.
Sutton R, Kenny RA. The natural history of sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986; 9: 1110-4.
3.
Santini M, Alexidou G, Ansalone G, Cacciatore G, Cini R, Turitto G. Relation of prognosis in sick sinus syndrome to age, conduction defects and modes of permanent cardiac pacing. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 729-35.
4.
Rosenqvist M, Brandt J, Schuller H. Long-term pacing in sinus node disease: effects of stimulation mode on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Am Heart J 1988; 116: 16-22.
5.
Stangl K, Seitz K, Wirtzfeld A, Alt E, Blömer H. Differences between atrial single chamber pacing (AAI) and ventricular single chamber pacing (VVI) with respect to prognosis and anti-arrhythmic effect in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1990; 13: 2080-5.
6.
Alpert MA, Curtis JJ, Sanfelippo JF, Flaker GC, Walls JT, Mukerji V, Villarreal D, Katti SK, Madigan NP, Mor-.
7.
gan RJ. Comparative survival following permanent ventricular and dual-chamber pacing for patients with chronic symptomatic sinus node dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 958-65.
8.
Hesselson AB, Parsonnet V, Bernstein AD, Bonavita GJ. Deleterious effects of long-term single-chamber ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome: the hidden benefits of dual-chamber pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 1542-9.
9.
Lamas GA, Orav EJ, Stambler BS, Ellenbogen KA, Sgarbossa EB, Huang SK, Marinchak RA, Estes NA 3rd, Mit-.
10.
chell GF, Lieberman EH, Mangione CM, Goldman L. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dualchamber pacing. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1097-104.
11.
Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Højberg S, Møller M, Vesterlund T, Dalsgaard D, Mortensen LS, Nielsen T, Asklund M, Friis EV, Christensen PD, Simonsen EH, Eriksen UH, Jensen GV, Svendsen JH, Toff WD, Healey JS, Andersen HR; DANPACE Investigators. A comparison of single-lead atrial pacing with dual-chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 686-96.
12.
Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, Cleland J, Deharo JC, Delgado V, Elliott PM, Gorenek B, Israel CW, Leclercq C, Linde C, Mont L, Padeletti L, Sutton R, Vardas PE; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S; Document Reviewers, Kirchhof P, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Badano LP, Aliyev F, Bänsch D, Baumgartner H, Bsata W, Buser P, Charron P, Daubert JC, Dobreanu D, Faerestrand S, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Le Heuzey JY, Mavrakis H, McDonagh T, Merino JL, Nawar MM, Nielsen JC, Pieske B, Poposka L, Ruschitzka F, Tendera M, Van Gelder IC, Wilson CM. 2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2281-329.
13.
Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, Sumner GL, Ribas CS, Menon SM, Wang X, Krahn AD, Morillo CA, Connolly SJ, Healey JS. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21: 786-90.
14.
Baddour LM, Epstein AE, Erickson CC, Knight BP, Levison ME, Lockhart PB, Masoudi FA, Okum EJ, Wilson WR, Beerman LB, Bolger AF, Estes NA 3rd, Gewitz M, Newburger JW, Schron EB, Taubert KA; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in Young; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care; American Heart Association. Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121: 458-77.
15.
Brandt J, Anderson H, Fåhraeus T, Schüller H. Natural history of sinus node disease treated with atrial pacing in 213 patients: implications for selection of stimulation mode. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 633-9.
16.
Masumoto H, Ueda Y, Kato R, Usui A, Maseki T, Takagi Y, Usui M. Long-term clinical performance of AAI pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome: a comparison with dual-chamber pacing. Europace 2004; 6: 444-50.
17.
Rosenquist M, Obel IWP. Atrial pacing and the risk for AV block: is there a time for change in attitude? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989; 12: 97-101.
18.
Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Thuesen L, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK, Mortensen PT. Atrioventricular conduction during long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome. Circulation 1998; 98: 1315-21.
19.
Hao Y, Li Y, Liao D, Yang L, Liu F. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of active versus passive atrial lead fixation in Chinese patients with cardiac implantable electrical devices: a long term, retrospective, observational, single-center study. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33: 573-8.
20.
Polewczyk A, Jacheć W, Janion M, Podlaski R, Kutarski A. Lead-dependent infective endocarditis: the role of factors predisposing to its development in an analysis of 414 clinical cases. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2015; 38: 846-56.
21.
Polewczyk A, Kutarski A, Tomaszewski A, Polewczyk M, Janion M. Late complications of electrotherapy – a clinical analysis of indications for transvenous removal of endocardial leads: a single centre experience. Kardiol Pol 2013; 71: 366-72.
22.
Brodof J, Sands Jr MJ, Lakin PC. Symptomatic venous thrombosis of the upper extremity complicating permanent transvenous pacing: reversal with streptokinase infusion. Am Heart J 1981; 104: 1112e3.
23.
Pauletti M, Di Ricco G, Solfanelli S, Marini C, Contini C, Giuntini C. Venous obstruction in permanent pacemaker patients: an isotopic study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1981; 4: 36-42.
24.
Böhm A, Pintér A, Duray G, Lehoczky D, Dudás G, Tomcsányi I, Préda I. Complications due to abandoned noninfected pacemaker leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001; 24: 1721-4.
25.
Paniagua D, Aldrich HR, Lieberman EH, Lamas GA, Agatston AS. Increased prevalence of significant tricuspid regurgitation in patients with transvenous pacemaker leads. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 1130-2.
| eISSN: | 2300-6722 |
| ISSN: | 1899-1874 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
