In the view of the current pro-life and pro-choice debate, the admissibility of contraception measures, including vasectomy, has significantly increased. This paper discusses the medical aspects of vasectomy from the perspective of criminal liability. Poland is one of the few countries with unregulated status of voluntary vasectomy, which raises serious challenges for medics performing this procedure. The legality of vasectomy has recently become particularly acute, in view of a judgment of the constitutional tribunal, limiting the right to abortion to only 2 cases: pregnancy as a result of a crime and the case when the pregnancy poses a threat to the life or health of the pregnant woman. The purpose of this article is to highlight the issue of the legal status, threats to the rights of the patient, and the criminal liability of the doctor, as well as the need for de lege ferenda changes.