ORIGINAL PAPER
Retinal thickness in patients with elevated D-dimer and interleukin-6 levels as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection
1
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
2
Ophthalmic Clinic, Voivodeship Hospital, Kielce, Poland
3
Department of Infectious Disease, Voivodeship Hospital, Kielce, Poland
4
Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
5
Institute of Medical Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
6
Ophthalmology Clinic Boni Fratres Lodziensis, Lodz, Poland.
Submission date: 2023-09-21
Final revision date: 2023-11-22
Acceptance date: 2023-12-05
Publication date: 2023-12-30
Corresponding author
Michał Brzdęk
Michał Brzdęk Collegium Medicum Jan Kochanowski University Department of Infectious Disease Voivodeship Hospital Kielce, Poland
Michał Brzdęk Collegium Medicum Jan Kochanowski University Department of Infectious Disease Voivodeship Hospital Kielce, Poland
Medical Studies 2023;39(4):342-351
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to various health issues, including severe pneumonia, organ damage, as well as effects on the retina. Researchers have detected SARS-CoV-2 in the retinas of infected patients, and new imaging methods, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), are being used to investigate its impact on the eye.
Aim of the research:
To document changes in retinal thickness (RT) and their association with saturation (SpO2), D-dimers, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized for bilateral pneumonia.
Material and methods:
This prospective study included COVID-19 patients assessed after 2 months (Group 1) and re-evaluated after 8 months from hospital discharge (Group 2). RT was automatically assessed with OCT. Group 2 RT measurements were compared with those of healthy subjects, and D-dimers, IL-6, and SpO2 levels on admission were correlated with RT in group 1.
Results:
Group 2 exhibited a significant decrease in RT compared to group 1 in specific macular regions, accompanied by an increase in certain areas. Moreover, Group 2 demonstrated increased RT compared to a control group in specific regions. A positive correlation was observed between SpO2 ≤ 90% and RT in Group 1 in specific macular regions.
Conclusions:
RT in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection is altered at the 6-month follow-up. Hypoxia, hypercoagulability, and inflammation in COVID-19 can collectively influence RT.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to various health issues, including severe pneumonia, organ damage, as well as effects on the retina. Researchers have detected SARS-CoV-2 in the retinas of infected patients, and new imaging methods, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), are being used to investigate its impact on the eye.
Aim of the research:
To document changes in retinal thickness (RT) and their association with saturation (SpO2), D-dimers, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized for bilateral pneumonia.
Material and methods:
This prospective study included COVID-19 patients assessed after 2 months (Group 1) and re-evaluated after 8 months from hospital discharge (Group 2). RT was automatically assessed with OCT. Group 2 RT measurements were compared with those of healthy subjects, and D-dimers, IL-6, and SpO2 levels on admission were correlated with RT in group 1.
Results:
Group 2 exhibited a significant decrease in RT compared to group 1 in specific macular regions, accompanied by an increase in certain areas. Moreover, Group 2 demonstrated increased RT compared to a control group in specific regions. A positive correlation was observed between SpO2 ≤ 90% and RT in Group 1 in specific macular regions.
Conclusions:
RT in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection is altered at the 6-month follow-up. Hypoxia, hypercoagulability, and inflammation in COVID-19 can collectively influence RT.
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